Tuesday, 9 December 2014

#24 Why do we cry while chopping onions? (English)


Why do we cry while chopping onions?

The tears you shed when chopping onions aren't emotional ones. That leaves two other categories of tears: basal and reflexive. Basal tears are the ones that hang around our eyes and eyelids to act as a lubricant so that leaves us with the final option: reflex tears. The lachrymal glands above the eyelids regulate the release of tears. In the case of reflex crying, an external irritant, such as dust or smoke, triggers nerve endings in the cornea to communicate with the brain stem. The brain registers the irritation in the eye then alerts the lachrymal gland to stimulate tear production to flush away the invader.  Since onions are part of the plant genus Allium they absorb sulfur in the earth, which helps form a class of volatile organic molecules called amino acid sulfoxides. These sulfoxides trigger tears when onions are chopped. As we chop up an onion, it releases lachrymatory-factor synthase enzymes. These catalysts cause the chemical chain reaction that ends with you tearing up. These enzymes react with the sulfoxides and convert them into sulfenic acid. Sulfenic acids are highly unstable and rearrange into a compound called syn-propanethial-S-oxide. When syn-propanethial-S-oxide enters the air around our faces and approaches our eyes, it evokes the reflexive tear response. Multiple nerve endings in the cornea register the sensation of the syn-propanethial-S-oxide as a substance that could harm our eyes, therefore the brain stem phones the lachrymal glands and the tears commence.

Friendly tip:
Chew gum while you chop onions! J

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