#10 Classification (English)

Classification

Classification is the sorting out of living organism according to common features.

The Classificatory System (the tree of life): 

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primates Hominidae Homo Sapiens

 

Remember: King Philip Can Order Five Good Staplers

As we go down the classificatory system, organisms number decrease.

 

The binominal system

Each organism has two names written in Latin, the first name is the name of the genus it belongs to and the second name is the name of its species. This is the binomial system.

Humans:     Homo sapiens

(The genus name always starts with a Capital letter and the species starts with a small letter. The entire name must always be in italics or underlined.)

 The five kingdoms

o   Animalia – animals are multicellular, do not have cell walls, do not have chlorophyll, and feed heterotrophically. E.g. monkeys
o   Plantae – are multicellular, have cell walls, have chlorophyll, and feed autotrophically. E.g. Conifers
o   Fungi – multicellular, have cell walls containing chitin, have a nucleus, do not have chlorophyll, feed saprophytically (saprophytes feed off dead organisms and decaying material). E.g. mold
o   Protista – unicellular (single celled), have a nucleus. E.g. Vorticella
o   Prokaryotes (Monera) – unicellular (single celled), have cell walls, have no nucleus e.g. bacteria

 Vertebrates

Animals with a backbone

Group	Key features	Examples
Amphibians	Have moist skin; breathe through lungs; live on land and water; cold blooded.	Frog; newt,
Birds	Most fly; have wings, feathers and beaks; eggs have hard shells; warm-blooded.	Eagle; sparrow.
Fish	Have scales and fins; breathe through gills; cold blooded.	Shark; trout.
Mammals	Are covered in hair or fur; give birth to live young; feed their offspring on milk; warm blooded.	Human; horse
Reptiles	Have dry, scaly skin; breathe through lungs; cold blooded.	Snake; tortoise.

 Invertebrates

Animals without a backbone

Group	Key feature	Example
Annelids	Ringed worms; no legs.	Earthworm
Nematodes	Un-segmented; long cylindrical body; no legs.	Flatworm
Molluscs	Un-segmented; have gills; one muscular foot.	Snail
Arthropods	Have jointed legs; a hard exoskeleton, body divided into segments; many types exist.	Spider

Classification of arthropods

Class	External features	Examples
Insects	- Body clearly divided into head, thorax and abdomen. - Three pairs of jointed legs. - Single pair of antennae.	Beatle; locus
Arachnids	- Body divided into a cephalothorax and an abdomen. - Four pairs of legs. - No antennae.	Spider; scorpion
Crustaceans	- Have a hard exoskeleton. - Body divided into a cephalothorax and an abdomen. - Many pairs of legs. - Two pairs of antennae.	Crabs; shrimp
Myriapods	- Long, thin bodies made up of many similar segments. - Many pairs of legs. -Single pair of antennae.	Centipede; millipede