What is bipolar disorder?A mental condition marked by alternating periods of elation and depression. It is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels.
What causes bipolar disease?
There is no single factor responsible for this brain disorder, but many factors likely act together to produce the illness or increase risk.
1. Genetics
Children with a parent or sibling who has bipolar disorder are much more likely to develop the illness, compared with children with no bipolar disorder family history. However, according to a reliable research, even though the twins share the same genes, one showed the symptoms of bipolar disease but the other didn’t.
2. Brain structure and functioning
The scientists have been using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) to observe the brain’s structure and activity. They have found out that children with bipolar disorder had similar brain development in children with “multi-dimensional impairment.” This is a disorder that demonstrate similar symptoms of both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia
The adults with bipolar disorder tend to have smaller and poorly functioning prefrontal cortex. The prefrontal cortex plays a crucial role in problem solving and decision making. The abnormal development of the brain circuit during adolescence could increase the possibility of the disorder to emerge.
What are the symptoms?
The alternating state from manic episode to depressive episode. The manic episode is when the person is in an overly joyful or overexcited state. The depressive episode is when the person is experiencing extreme sadness or hopelessness.What are the types of bipolar disorder?
1. Bipolar I disorder
The alternating of manic and mixed episodes that last at least seven days. This disorder is very severe, so the person needs an immediate hospital care.
2. Bipolar II disorder
The alternating of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes, but no full-blown manic or mixed episodes.
3. BP-NOS; Bipolar disorder not otherwise specified
The symptoms of the illness exist but do not meet diagnostic criteria for either bipolar I or II.
4. Cyclothymic disorder
A mild form of bipolar disorder. The people suffer from mild depression and hypomania for at least 2 years. However, their symptoms do not meet the diagnostic requirements for any other type of bipolar disorder.
[Reference]
https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/bipolar-disorder/index.shtml
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