Intracerebral Haemorrhage Surgery
Intracerebral haemorrhage occurs when a
weakened or diseased blood vessels rupture, so the blood leaks inside the
brain. The abrupt increase in pressure within the brain (hypertension) prompt the brain cells surrounding the blood to damage. When the amount of blood
released increases rapidly, the sudden buildup in pressure can spur
unconsciousness or death. Intracerebral haemorrhage usually occurs basal
ganglia, cerebellum, brain stem, or cortex.
Hypertension is one the most typical factors
causing intracerebral haemorrhage. It often doesn't cause any symptoms. Consequently,
majority of patients suffering from Intracerebral haemorrhage are not aware
that they have high blood pressure. The other factors like head trauma, aneurysm,
arteriovenous malformations, amyloid angiopathy, liver disease, and brain
tumors lead to intracerebral haemorrhage.
Aneurysm is a weakening
in a blood vessel wall that swells.
Arteriovenous
malformations are the weaknesses in the blood vessels in and around the brain.
Amyloid angiopathy is
an abnormality of the blood vessel walls.
There are various surgeries
regarding intracerebral haemorrhage: decompression surgery, craniotomy with
open surgery, simple aspiration, endoscopic evacuation, and stereotactic
aspiration. The surgery will proceed depending on the age, the other health
issues that the patient might possess, the degree of brain damage, and the
location of the haemorrhage and haematoma.
Decompression
surgery is alleviating the blood pressure by removing the pooled blood and
repairing damaged blood vessels. Pooled blood is the blood that could not
return to the heart due to the malfunctioning of the walls and valves of veins
in the brain. Evacuating haematoma, a solid swelling of clotted blood within
the tissues, relieves the blood pressure.
Craniotomy
with open surgery is the removal of a portion of the skull accompanied by
the open surgery to evacuate the haematoma and repair the ruptured blood
vessel. This is a surgical procedure that is used when the haematoma is very
large, so the critical functions weaken.
Simple
aspiration is when the surgeon drills a small hole in the skull and
evacuates the haematoma using a needle. Finding the exact location of haematoma
is demanding. Also, the complete evacuation of haematoma is not possible.
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| Stereotactic head fram © Alzforum |
Stereotactic
aspiration proceeds the surgery based on the computed tomography (CT) that
indicates the location of the haematoma. Also, the evacuation of haematoma is
done by a specially developed suction too. During this surgery, the patient’s
head is fixed in a stereotactic head frame, so the procedure is done at a
greater degree of precision and accuracy.
[Reference]
KSJ
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